Abstract
Background
Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between the “Make The Call, Don't Miss
a Beat” national mass media campaign and emergency medical services (EMS) use among
women with possible heart attack symptoms.
Methods
We linked campaign TV public service advertisement data with national EMS activation
data for 2010 to 2014. We identified EMS activations (i.e., responses) for possible
heart attack symptoms and for unintentional injuries for both women and men. We estimated
the impact of the campaign on the fraction of the 1.7 to 15.9 million activations
of women with possible heart attack symptoms compared with 1.9 million female activations
for unintentional injuries within each EMS agency and month using quasi-binomial logistic
regression controlling for time and state.
Results
Of the 3,175 U S. counties, 90% were exposed to the campaign. However, less than 2%
of U.S. counties reached moderate TV exposure (≥300 gross rating points) during the
entire campaign period. We did not observe an increase in the fraction of female activations
for possible heart attack during periods or in counties with higher campaign exposure.
Conclusions
This mass media campaign that relied heavily on TV public service advertisements was
not associated with increased EMS use by women with possible heart attack symptoms,
even among counties that were more highly exposed to the campaign advertisements.
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Biography
Melissa L. McCarthy, ScD, is a health services researcher and Professor at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health with research expertise in emergency care.
Biography
Suzanne Haynes, PhD, is an epidemiologist with research expertise in women's health.
Biography
Ximin Li, MS, is a biostatistician at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her research expertise is the analysis of large datasets.
Biography
N. Clay Mann, PhD, MS, is a health services researcher and Professor at the University of Utah with research expertise in prehospital care.
Biography
Craig D. Newgard, MD, MPH, is an emergency medicine physician and Professor at the Oregon Health & Sciences University with research expertise in cardiac arrest, trauma, and prehospital care.
Biography
Jannet F. Lewis, MD, is a cardiologist and Professor at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Her research expertise is heart disease in women and the use of echocardiographic techniques to assess heart disease.
Biography
Alan E. Simon, MD, is a pediatrician, presently at the National Institutes of Health, with research expertise in women's health.
Biography
Susan F. Wood, PhD, is a biologist and Professor at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health with research expertise in women's health.
Biography
Scott L. Zeger, PhD, is a biostatistician and Professor at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. His research expertise is the analysis of correlated data.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 23, 2019
Accepted:
June 12,
2019
Received in revised form:
June 10,
2019
Received:
October 12,
2018
Footnotes
This study was supported in part by contract HHSP2332095635WC from the Office on Women's Health, the Department of Health and Human Services and in part by the Office of Emergency Services (NTI-140), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office on Women's Health, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
The authors do not have any relationships with industry or financial associations within the past 2 years to disclose that pose a conflict of interest with the submitted article.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
