Abstract
Background
Depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) are significant health issues for U.S.
women. Interaction effects between IPV and other psychosocial factors on the severity
of depressive symptoms have not been fully explored. This study assessed effect modification,
that is, how IPV interacts with sociodemographics, psychosocial factors and health
risk behaviors, on the severity of depressive symptoms in women.
Methods
We utilized cross-sectional data from female respondents (n = 16,106) of the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey. Sociodemographics,
psychosocial variables, and health risk behaviors determined to be significantly associated
with depression were tested for interaction effects with IPV. Weighted ordinal logistic
regression and predicted probabilities illustrated the effect of IPV status on depressive
symptom severity, stratified by interaction effects.
Results
Recent and lifetime IPV exposure were associated with more severe depressive symptoms
compared with no IPV exposure. IPV history interacted with employment status and social
support on the severity of depressive symptoms in women. Overall, any IPV exposure
was associated with more severe depressive symptoms among women with low social support
and unemployment, although the effect of recent (versus lifetime) IPV was most pronounced
among women with high social support or employed women.
Conclusions
Social support and employment status interact with IPV on the severity of depressive
symptoms in women. Therefore, social support or workplace interventions designed to
improve depressive symptoms should examine IPV history.
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Biography
Nathalie Dougé, BS, is currently a MD candidate at the Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey. She plans on pursuing a career in Internal Medicine.
Biography
Erik B. Lehman, MS, is a Biostatistician at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.
Biography
Jennifer S. McCall-Hosenfeld, MD, MSc, is Assistant Professor of Medicine and Public Health Sciences at the Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey. Her research focuses on primary/preventive care of women, especially rural women and survivors of intimate partner violence.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 14, 2014
Accepted:
March 28,
2014
Received in revised form:
February 20,
2014
Received:
July 24,
2013
Footnotes
Funding/Support: Dr. McCall-Hosenfeld’s contribution on the project was funded by the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health's Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) Career Development Award, 5 K12 HD05582. There were no financial conflicts of interest involving any of the authors during this study.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
