Sexual Risk Behaviors among African-American and Hispanic Women in Five Counties in the Southeastern United States: 2008–2009

McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor; O'Daniels, Christine M.; Marks, Gary; Villar-Loubet, Olga; Doherty, Irene A.; Simpson, Cathy; Weiss, Stephen; Hanna, Barbara; Adimora, Adaora A.; White, Becky L.; Wheeling, John T.; Borkowf, Craig B.

doi:10.1016/j.whi.2011.06.002

« Previous Next »Women's Health Issues
Volume 22, Issue 1 , Pages e9-e18, January 2012

Sexual Risk Behaviors among African-American and Hispanic Women in Five Counties in the Southeastern United States: 2008–2009

Eleanor McLellan-Lemal, MA
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Correspondence to: Ms. Eleanor McLellan-Lemal, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. MS-E45, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 404-639-6147; fax: 404-639-6127.
Christine M. O'Daniels, RN, BS
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Carter Consulting, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
Gary Marks, PhD
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Olga Villar-Loubet, PsyD
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Irene A. Doherty, PhD
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Cathy Simpson, PhD
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Health Services Center, Inc., Anniston, Alabama
Stephen Weiss, PhD, MPH
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Barbara Hanna, MD
- Health Services Center, Inc., Anniston, Alabama
Adaora A. Adimora, MD, MPH
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Becky L. White, MD, MPH
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
John T. Wheeling, MPH
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, Georgia
Craig B. Borkowf, PhD
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Received 1 February 2011; received in revised form 22 April 2011; accepted 6 June 2011. published online 26 July 2011.

Abstract

Purpose

We examined sexual risk behaviors and unrecognized HIV infection among heterosexually active African-American and Hispanic women.

Methods

Women not previously diagnosed with HIV infection were recruited in rural counties in North Carolina (African American) and Alabama (African American), and an urban county in southern Florida (Hispanic) using multiple methods. They completed a computer-administered questionnaire and were tested for HIV infection.

Results

Between October 2008 and September 2009, 1,527 women (1,013 African American and 514 Hispanic) enrolled in the study. Median age was 35 years (range, 18–59), 33% were married or living as married, 50% had an annual household income of $12,000 or less, and 56% were employed full or part time. Two women (0.13%) tested positive for HIV. In the past 12 months, 19% had been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (other than HIV), 87% engaged in unprotected vaginal intercourse (UVI), and 26% engaged in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). In multivariate analysis, UAI was significantly (p < .05) more likely among those who reported ever being pregnant, binge drinking in the past 30 days, ever exchanging sex for things needed or wanted, engaging in UVI, or being of Hispanic ethnicity. UAI was also more likely to occur with partners with whom women had a current or past relationship as opposed to casual partners.

Conclusion

A high percentage of our sample of heterosexually active women of color had recently engaged in sexual risk behaviors, particularly UAI. More research is needed to elucidate the interpersonal dynamics that may promote this high-risk behavior. Educational messages that explicitly address the risks of heterosexual anal intercourse need to be developed for heterosexually active women and their male partners.